If the results of the PSA (prostate-specific antigen blood test) or DRE (digital rectal exam) are unusual, your physician may repeat the tests or request other procedures. These evaluation tools may include:

• Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) - a test using sound wave echoes to create an image of the prostate gland to visually inspect for abnormal conditions. A transrectal ultrasound can show if the prostate gland is enlarged or if there are any growths in or around the prostate. Ultrasound may also be used to guide a needle for biopsies of the prostate gland and/or to guide the nitrogen probes in cryosurgery.
• Computed tomography scan (Also called a CT scan or CAT scan) - a diagnostic imaging procedure test that uses a combination of x-rays and computer technology to produce cross-sectional images (often called slices) of the body. A CT scan shows detailed images of any part of the body, including the bones, muscles, fat and organs. CT scans are more detailed than standard x-rays.
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) - a diagnostic test that uses a combination of large magnets, radiofrequencies and a computer to produce detailed images of organs and structures within the body.
• Radionuclide bone scan - a nuclear imaging method that helps to show whether the cancer has spread from the prostate gland to the bones. The test involves injecting a radioactive material into a vein that helps to locate diseased bone cells throughout the entire body.
• Lymph node and/or prostate biopsy - a procedure in which tissue samples are removed (with a needle or during surgery) from the body for examination under a microscope; to determine if cancer or other abnormal cells are present.

Please note: the diagnosis of prostate cancer is confirmed only by a prostate biopsy. For more information regarding the diagnosis of prostate cancer and any other question you may have, please contact Renee Sevy-Hasterok, our Patient Navigator at (678) 843-5665 or rsevy@sjha.org. We're here to help.

Information on this page is provided collaboratively by the team at the Prostate Cancer Center at Saint Joseph's and has been medically reviewed by Rajesh G. Laungani, MD, 2010. Claims regarding treatment are based on years of clinical experience and industry reported data. The PCC follows American Urological Association and  National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) Clinical Practice Guidelines for the treatment of prostate cancer.

Last Updated: October 26, 2010 (RSH)